{"id":2315,"date":"2017-09-04T17:00:59","date_gmt":"2017-09-04T15:00:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/archiv.siov.sk\/?p=2315"},"modified":"2021-02-24T11:29:45","modified_gmt":"2021-02-24T10:29:45","slug":"psycholog-pre-deti-je-dualne-vzdelavanie-dobre-uvidia-ako-to-funguje-v-realite","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/archiv.siov.sk\/en\/psycholog-pre-deti-je-dualne-vzdelavanie-dobre-uvidia-ako-to-funguje-v-realite\/","title":{"rendered":"Psychol\u00f3g: Pre deti je du\u00e1lne vzdel\u00e1vanie dobr\u00e9. Uvidia, ako to funguje v realite."},"content":{"rendered":"

V s\u00fa\u010dasnej dobe m\u00e1me na trhu pr\u00e1ce ve\u013ek\u00fd rozdiel medzi profesiami. Niektor\u00e9 s\u00fa na trhu pr\u00e1ce ve\u013emi \u017eiadan\u00e9 a zamestn\u00e1vatelia nevedia n\u00e1js\u0165 kvalifikovan\u00fdch pracovn\u00edkov a naopak, o niektor\u00e9 nie je takmer v\u00f4bec z\u00e1ujem. Ako sa teda rozhodn\u00fa\u0165 spr\u00e1vne?<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0160kolsk\u00fd psychol\u00f3g Michal Hacaj odpor\u00fa\u010da rodi\u010dom pri v\u00fdbere strednej \u0161koly, aby sa re\u00e1lne pozerali na schopnosti a vlastnosti die\u0165a. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 rad\u00ed, aby spolo\u010dne vybrali \u0161kolu, ktor\u00e1 ho bude bavi\u0165. Du\u00e1lne vzdel\u00e1vanie m\u00e1 pod\u013ea neho ve\u013ek\u00fa v\u00fdhodou v tom, \u017ee si \u0161tudent priamo za\u017eije prax a na druhej strane kreativita, talent, cie\u013eavedomos\u0165 s\u00fa pre remeslo tie\u017e d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9.<\/em><\/p>\n

V nasleduj\u00facich riadkoch predstavil aj n\u00e1vod, ako postupova\u0165 pri v\u00fdbere strednej \u0161koly.<\/em><\/p>\n

#MojaPracaMaZmysel  #dualnevzdeavanie<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u00e1n Hacaj, ak\u00ed s\u00fa pod\u013ea v\u00e1s dne\u0161n\u00ed \u017eiaci? Z poh\u013eadu v\u00fdberu ich bud\u00faceho povolania. Rozhoduj\u00fa o tom sami alebo im sk\u00f4r radia rodi\u010dia?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mysl\u00edm si, \u017ee dne\u0161n\u00ed \u017eiaci s\u00fa viac nerozhodn\u00ed, preto\u017ee maj\u00fa ve\u013emi ve\u013ea mo\u017enost\u00ed, kam m\u00f4\u017eu \u00eds\u0165 \u0161tudova\u0165.  Jednak sa rozhoduj\u00fa medzi gymn\u00e1ziami a je aj ve\u013ea stredn\u00fdch odborn\u00fdch \u0161k\u00f4l. Ke\u010f\u017ee s\u00fa teraz ve\u013emi dobr\u00e9 mo\u017enosti \u0161tudova\u0165 v zahrani\u010d\u00ed, m\u00f4\u017eu tie\u017e vycestova\u0165. Vid\u00edm  u \u017eiakov nerozhodnos\u0165, preto\u017ee t\u00fdch mo\u017enost\u00ed je naozaj ve\u013ea. A pr\u00e1ve rodi\u010dia by ich mali v tomto trochu usmerni\u0165 aj na z\u00e1klade predpokladov, ktor\u00e9 \u0161tudenti maj\u00fa. Mali by ich vies\u0165 a poradi\u0165 im, ak\u00e9 mo\u017enost\u00ed s\u00fa, \u010do je v\u00fdhodnej\u0161ie, \u010do je menej v\u00fdhodn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Existuje ide\u00e1lny n\u00e1vod, ako na to? Mali by sa rozhodn\u00fa\u0165 v\u00fdhradne sami, s pomocou rodi\u010da alebo by mal rozhodn\u00fa\u0165 v tomto s\u00e1m rodi\u010d?<\/strong><\/p>\n

V tomto veku m\u00e1loktor\u00e9 die\u0165a vie, \u010do bude robi\u0165 v bud\u00facnosti a asi len \u0165a\u017eko si t\u00fa bud\u00facnos\u0165 vie v\u00f4bec predstavi\u0165. Viem to porovna\u0165 napr\u00edklad s gymnazistami, ktor\u00ed ke\u010f si vyberaj\u00fa vysok\u00fa \u0161kolu, maj\u00fa s t\u00fdm naozaj probl\u00e9m. Tu hraj\u00fa d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa rolu rodi\u010dia v tom, aby \u0161tudentov pri v\u00fdbere vysokej \u0161koly usmernili. Ak toto usmernenie potrebuj\u00fa stredo\u0161kol\u00e1ci, ur\u010dite o to viac aj \u017eiaci z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch \u0161k\u00f4l.<\/p>\n

Pri v\u00fdbere \u0161koly je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 pozrie\u0165 sa na jeho schopnosti, ak\u00e9 m\u00e1m die\u0165a a v \u010dom si ho viem predstavi\u0165, \u017ee by bolo motivovan\u00e9. V druhom rade sa treba pozera\u0165 aj na zn\u00e1mky a pr\u00edstup k u\u010deniu, ak\u00e9 s\u00fa profilov\u00e9 predmety die\u0165a\u0165a a konfrontova\u0165 toto s v\u00fdberom \u0161koly. \u010ealej je to komunik\u00e1cia s u\u010dite\u013eom, sp\u00fdta\u0165 sa ho, v \u010dom si mysl\u00ed, \u017ee je jeho die\u0165a dobr\u00e9 a mohlo \u010falej pokra\u010dova\u0165. Potom je to u\u017e samotn\u00fd v\u00fdber \u0161koly. Treba si pozrie\u0165 \u0161koly v okol\u00ed, jednotliv\u00e9 predmety, vo\u013eno\u010dasov\u00e9 aktivity, mo\u017enosti praxe a podobne. Dnes u\u017e ve\u013ea \u0161k\u00f4l rob\u00ed de\u0148 otvoren\u00fdch dver\u00ed a treba vyu\u017ei\u0165 aj tieto mo\u017enosti a \u00eds\u0165 sa na tu \u0161kolu pozrie\u0165 osobne.<\/p>\n

\u010co si mysl\u00edte o spr\u00e1vnom na\u010dasovan\u00ed, kedy by mali za\u010da\u0165 rozm\u00fd\u0161\u013ea\u0165 o v\u00fdbere \u0161koly? Kedy je najlep\u0161\u00ed vek na to, aby si za\u010dali zbiera\u0165 inform\u00e1cie o mo\u017enostiach \u0161t\u00fadia?<\/strong><\/p>\n

S prieskumom je dobr\u00e9 za\u010da\u0165 u\u017e ove\u013ea sk\u00f4r, za\u010da\u0165 si zbiera\u0165 inform\u00e1cie v \u0161iestom-siedmom ro\u010dn\u00edku nemus\u00ed by\u0165 v\u00f4bec zbyto\u010dn\u00e9, ale ide\u00e1lne je to minim\u00e1lne rok dopredu. Malo by to vych\u00e1dza\u0165 z potrieb die\u0165a\u0165a, aby nenastal ten efekt, \u017ee rodi\u010d ho za\u010dne tla\u010di\u0165 do nie\u010doho, \u010do chce on a pritom je die\u0165a \u00faplne in\u00e9. Mo\u017eno za\u010da\u0165 sledova\u0165 die\u0165a, \u010do ho bav\u00ed a v \u010dom je dobr\u00e9, \u010do ho dok\u00e1\u017ee namotivova\u0165 a pri \u010dom dok\u00e1\u017ee dlh\u0161ie zotrva\u0165. Na z\u00e1klade toho potom vybera\u0165 \u0161kolu. Zis\u0165ova\u0165 si technick\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie o \u0161kole, \u010di je zapojen\u00e1 do r\u00f4znych projektov, ak\u00e9 pon\u00faka jazyky, ak\u00e9 s\u00fa profilov\u00e9 predmety a \u010di ich die\u0165a dok\u00e1\u017ee zvl\u00e1dnu\u0165.<\/p>\n

Povedzme, \u017ee \u0161kol\u00e1k-deviatak re\u00e1lne vie, \u010do chce \u00eds\u0165 v tomto veku robi\u0165. Nepotrebuje radu od dospel\u00fdch, m\u00e1 v tom jasno. M\u00f4\u017ee to by\u0165 spr\u00e1vne rozhodnutie? Treba necha\u0165 na die\u0165ati to rozhodnutie?<\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u00fa pr\u00edpady, kedy sa deti rozhodn\u00fa spr\u00e1vne na z\u00e1klade vlastn\u00e9ho pocitu \u2013 \u201etoto by ma bavilo a toto chcem robi\u0165 a idem to vysk\u00fa\u0161a\u0165\u201c.  Ak to teda die\u0165a v danom momente bav\u00ed a chce to naozaj vysk\u00fa\u0161a\u0165,  nebr\u00e1nil by som tomu \u017eiakovi v rozhodnut\u00ed.  Potom je na rade rodi\u010d, aby nenechal die\u0165a iba prepl\u00e1va\u0165 strednou \u0161kolou, ale podporova\u0165 ho v tom, poskytova\u0165 mu mo\u017enosti. Rodi\u010dia maj\u00fa obrovsk\u00fa v\u00fdhodu v tom, \u017ee vedia situ\u00e1ciu konfrontova\u0165 s realitou, napr\u00edklad s trhom pr\u00e1ce. Toto by mala by\u0165 vec, ktor\u00fa by rodi\u010dia mali de\u0165om odovzd\u00e1va\u0165.<\/p>\n

Pozrime sa na to re\u00e1lne. Uva\u017euj\u00fa \u00f4smaci a deviataci v\u00f4bec o tom, \u010do bud\u00fa robi\u0165 o nieko\u013eko rokov?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Z mojej sk\u00fasenosti je to tak, \u017ee maj\u00fa nejak\u00fa predstavu, \u010do by chceli robi\u0165. \u010casto je to predstava, \u010do by ma tak bavilo a niekedy to neodr\u00e1\u017ea tie re\u00e1lne schopnosti dan\u00e9ho \u0161tudenta. To je potom aj \u00faloha odborn\u00edkov, \u0161peci\u00e1lneho pedag\u00f3ga, \u0161kolsk\u00e9ho psychol\u00f3ga a rodi\u010da, aby sa na to pozreli z re\u00e1lneho h\u013eadiska a vybrali spolo\u010dne najlep\u0161iu mo\u017enos\u0165 .<\/p>\n

\u010co im m\u00f4\u017ee pom\u00f4c\u0165 pri rozhodovan\u00ed?<\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1 je komunik\u00e1cia s u\u010dite\u013emi, preto\u017ee pr\u00e1ve t\u00ed vidia, ktor\u00e9 predmety id\u00fa \u0161tudentovi lep\u0161ie. V tomto obdob\u00ed sa za\u010d\u00edna die\u0165a profilova\u0165 a tie\u017e tu vych\u00e1dzaj\u00fa na povrch jednotliv\u00e9 vlastnosti, ktor\u00fdmi disponuje.  Niekto je mo\u017eno viac n\u00e1pomocn\u00fd, niekto ide do konfliktov a vie ich vyrie\u0161i\u0165. Naopak niekto r\u00e1d sp\u00e1ja kolekt\u00edv, je s\u00fadr\u017en\u00fd.  Tieto vlastnosti sa prejavuj\u00fa na konci z\u00e1kladnej \u0161koly a na ich z\u00e1klade sa d\u00e1 predpoklada\u0165 povolanie, kde by sa tieto vlastnosti mohli uplatni\u0165.  \u010ealej si m\u00f4\u017eu \u017eiaci urobi\u0165 testy schopnosti, ktor\u00e9 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou rob\u00ed centrum pedagogicko-psychologick\u00e9ho poradenstva a prevencie alebo \u0161kolsk\u00fd psychol\u00f3g. Die\u0165a sa tak nie\u010do o sebe dozvie, viac o svojich vlastnostiach a schopnostiach. Na z\u00e1klade t\u00fdchto v\u00fdsledkov si tie\u017e m\u00f4\u017ee vybra\u0165 \u0161kolu, ktor\u00e1 by mohla by\u0165 pre neho najvhodnej\u0161ia.<\/p>\n

Tieto testy vlastne uk\u00e1\u017eu siln\u00e9 str\u00e1nky die\u0165a\u0165a. Pod\u013ea mojich sk\u00fasenosti to de\u0165om otvor\u00ed o\u010di a za\u010dn\u00fa si uvedomova\u0165, \u010do by chceli v bud\u00facnosti a \u010do im ide viac a \u010do menej. Tak\u00e1 v\u00fdhoda testovania spo\u010d\u00edva vlastne v tom, \u017ee deti za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fa rozm\u00fd\u0161\u013ea\u0165 o svojej bud\u00facnosti a za\u010dn\u00fa o nej komunikova\u0165 aj s rodi\u010dmi.<\/p>\n

Prihliadaj\u00fa rodi\u010dia na zru\u010dnosti a schopnosti svojho die\u0165a\u0165a pri v\u00fdbere \u0161koly?<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00fdch rodi\u010dov by som rozdelil do nieko\u013ek\u00fdch kateg\u00f3ri\u00ed. Jedna skupina rodi\u010dov je naozaj osvieten\u00e1. Dbaj\u00fa na to, ak\u00e9 m\u00e1 die\u0165a schopnosti a podporuj\u00fa ho v tom, ak\u00fdm smerom by sa mohlo ubera\u0165. \u010eal\u0161ia ve\u013ek\u00e1 skupina rodi\u010dov si mysl\u00ed, \u017ee toto je pre die\u0165a najlep\u0161ie. Sna\u017eia sa ho nasmerova\u0165 pod\u013ea vlastn\u00fdch predst\u00e1v a nie predst\u00e1v die\u0165a\u0165a. A tu potom nast\u00e1va vo vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch ro\u010dn\u00edkoch strata motiv\u00e1cie. \u0160tudent si hovor\u00ed, \u017ee nechcel \u00eds\u0165 na konkr\u00e9tnu \u0161kolu a bojuje s \u0148ou. E\u0161te sa stret\u00e1vam s rodi\u010dmi a de\u0165mi, ktor\u00e9 nevedia, \u010do chc\u00fa a tak vysk\u00fa\u0161aj\u00fa gymn\u00e1zium alebo stredn\u00fa odborn\u00fa \u0161kolu. Mysl\u00edm si, \u017ee je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 oslovova\u0165 v\u0161etk\u00fdch rodi\u010dov, robi\u0165 osvetu, kampane, poskytova\u0165 inform\u00e1cie a pracova\u0165 s odborn\u00edkmi ako aj so \u0161kolsk\u00fdmi psychol\u00f3gmi.  <\/p>\n

Vedeli by ste napr\u00edklad odporu\u010di\u0165 du\u00e1lne vzdel\u00e1vanie rodi\u010dom? Pre\u010do by malo by\u0165 dobr\u00e9 pre \u017eiaka?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Du\u00e1lne vzdel\u00e1vanie m\u00e1 ve\u013ek\u00fa v\u00fdhodou v tom, \u017ee si \u0161tudent priamo za\u017eije prax. Za\u017eije ju v realite – vo firme, v podniku, kde naozaj zist\u00ed, \u010do v\u0161etko bude potrebova\u0165 a ako to funguje. Preto si aj mysl\u00edm, \u017ee model du\u00e1lneho vzdel\u00e1vania je dobr\u00fd pre samotn\u00e9 deti, preto\u017ee uvidia ako to v realite funguje.<\/p>\n

Mysl\u00edte si, \u017ee t\u00ed \u017eiaci, ktor\u00ed s\u00fa zru\u010dn\u00ed v ur\u010ditej oblasti, maj\u00fa predpoklad by\u0165 \u00faspe\u0161n\u00ed v tom odbore a m\u00f4\u017eu profesne r\u00e1s\u0165? Konkr\u00e9tne, ak sa bav\u00edme o remesle.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ur\u010dite \u00e1no. Mysl\u00edm si, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd remeseln\u00edk m\u00f4\u017ee \u010falej r\u00e1s\u0165. Napr\u00edklad aj na mana\u017e\u00e9rsku alebo projektov\u00fa \u00farove\u0148. Tie sk\u00fasenosti s praktick\u00fdm vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00edm remesla mu iba pom\u00f4\u017eu. Nemysl\u00edm si, \u017ee by to malo by\u0165 rozdelen\u00e9 len na z\u00e1klade toho, \u010di m\u00e1 alebo nem\u00e1 die\u0165a intelektov\u00e9 schopnosti alebo je viac manu\u00e1lne zru\u010dn\u00e9. Naopak, mysl\u00edm si, \u017ee je dobr\u00e9 to kombinova\u0165. Kreativita, predstavivos\u0165, cie\u013eavedomos\u0165 m\u00f4\u017ee aj to remeslo zas posun\u00fa\u0165 \u010falej.<\/p>\n

V\u0161eobecne prevl\u00e1da n\u00e1zor, \u017ee remeslo je dnes zle zaplaten\u00e9 a teda ve\u013ea \u013eud\u00ed v tom nevid\u00ed zmysel. Mysl\u00edte si, \u017ee pri v\u00fdbere strednej \u0161koly ovplyv\u0148uje deti a rodi\u010dov aj finan\u010dn\u00e1 str\u00e1nka?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Financie s\u00fa obrovsk\u00e1 t\u00e9ma. Ka\u017ed\u00fd by chcel by\u0165 dobre zaplaten\u00fd a rie\u0161ia to aj dne\u0161n\u00e9 deti a rodi\u010dia. Je tu v\u0161ak jedno riziko. Ak p\u00f4jdem do ur\u010ditej profesie s t\u00fdm, \u017ee tam zarob\u00edm lep\u0161ie, ale na druhej strane ma to nebude bavi\u0165 a nebude ma to nap\u013a\u0148a\u0165, nie som ochotn\u00fd sa v tom \u010falej vzdel\u00e1va\u0165 a investova\u0165 tomu viac \u010dasu. M\u00f4\u017ee sa teda sta\u0165, \u017ee s\u00edce vy\u0161tudujem odbor, ktor\u00fd je dobre ohodnoten\u00fd, ale t\u00fdm, \u017ee sa m\u00ed\u0148a m\u00f4jmu presved\u010deniu, m\u00f4\u017eem by\u0165 oby\u010dajn\u00fd priemer. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 nedostanem finan\u010dn\u00e9 ohodnotenie tak\u00e9, ako som si ho na za\u010diatku vysn\u00edval. Preto je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 kombinova\u0165, ak\u00e9 m\u00e1m schopnosti a z\u00e1rove\u0148 i finan\u010dn\u00e9 ohodnotenie. <\/p>\n

Mysl\u00edm si, ak je nejak\u00e9 remeslo aj menej ohodnoten\u00e9, ale budem v \u0148om dobr\u00fd a budem sa v \u0148om st\u00e1le vzdel\u00e1va\u0165, tak to ohodnotenie \u010dasom pr\u00edde. M\u00f4j n\u00e1zor je tak\u00fd, \u017ee naozaj ka\u017ed\u00fd remeseln\u00edk, ktor\u00fd je motivovan\u00fd, chce na sebe tro\u0161ku pracova\u0165 a neboj\u00ed sa vyjs\u0165 zo svojej komfortnej z\u00f3ny, sa dok\u00e1\u017ee u\u017eivi\u0165.<\/p>\n

www.dualnysystem.sk<\/a><\/p>\n

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V s\u00fa\u010dasnej dobe m\u00e1me na trhu pr\u00e1ce ve\u013ek\u00fd rozdiel medzi profesiami. Niektor\u00e9 s\u00fa na trhu pr\u00e1ce ve\u013emi \u017eiadan\u00e9 a zamestn\u00e1vatelia nevedia n\u00e1js\u0165 kvalifikovan\u00fdch pracovn\u00edkov a naopak, o niektor\u00e9 nie je takmer v\u00f4bec z\u00e1ujem. Ako sa teda rozhodn\u00fa\u0165 spr\u00e1vne? \u0160kolsk\u00fd psychol\u00f3g Michal Hacaj odpor\u00fa\u010da rodi\u010dom pri v\u00fdbere strednej \u0161koly, aby sa re\u00e1lne pozerali na schopnosti a vlastnosti die\u0165a. 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